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Nicholas Ling
Nicholas Ling (fl.1570–1607) was a London publisher, bookseller, and editor who published several important Elizabethan works, including the first and second quartos of Shakespeare's ''Hamlet''.
Ling was the son of John Lynge, a parchment maker from Norwich. He was apprenticed to Henry Bitteman in 1570 and was admitted to the Stationers' Company as a "freeman" (full member) in 1578.〔''Notes & Queries'' 6th Series, V. VI (Nov. 11, 1882) p. 395.〕〔Campbell, O.J. ed. "Nicholas Ling" in ''Reader's Encyclopedia of Shakespeare'' (1966) p. 462.〕 He generally partnered with other publishers. In 1597 he edited ''Politeuphuia, or Wits Commonwealth'', a collection of prose quotations. He has also been credited by some critics with editing ''England's Helicon'' (1600), a collection of Elizabethan lyric poems.〔Hebel, J, Williams. "Nicholas Ling and ''England's Helicon''" in ''Library'' (1924) s4-V (2): 153-160.〕
In 1603 he collaborated with another bookseller, John Trundell, to publish the first quarto of ''Hamlet''. This edition, printed by Valentine Simmes, has been widely condemned as a wildly inaccurate and badly printed travesty of the play.〔Hibbard, G. R. (ed), Hamlet, Oxford University Press, 1998, p.69-75.〕 A few months later James Roberts printed the much more substantial and accurate second quarto according to the "true and perfect copy" of Shakespeare's manuscript.〔MacCary, W. Thomas, ''Hamlet: A Guide to the Play'', Greenwood Press, 1998, p.12.〕 Gerald D. Johnson suggests that Trundell had acquired a garbled version of the text, which was quickly published in association with Ling to meet demand. Roberts had been given official access to Shakespeare's manuscript by the company, as he had entered it as a forthcoming publication in the Stationers' Register in 1602. He made a deal with Ling that Roberts would print the much more substantial "good" version a little while later, giving Ling exclusive sales rights, cutting out Trundell. Both would profit, with Ling getting to sell the same play twice.〔Johnson, Gerald D., 'Nicholas Ling, Publisher 1580-1607'", Studies in Bibliography, 38, 1985, pp.203-14.〕
In 1607 he transferred 16 copyrights to John Smethwick, among them three Shakespeare plays (''Hamlet'', ''Romeo and Juliet'', and ''Love's Labour's Lost'') as well as ''The Taming of a Shrew''.〔
==References==
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